Qualitative, quantitative, and outcomes research Essay

1. What are the main differences among qualitative, quantitative, and outcomes research? Under what circumstances is each type of research most appropriate? Support your answers with specific examples. Qualitative research is used to give meaning to life experiences and conditions. It’s an individual approach and logical. It is â€Å"interpretive, humanistic, and naturalistic and is concerned with understanding the meaning of social interactions by those involved†(Burns & Grove, 2011). Qualitative research is most appropriate when conducting research to promote understanding of human experiences and circumstances and develop theories that describe these experiences. Qualitative research seems to be an effective method of investigating human emotional responses. An example would be interviewing 100 elderly patients to find out what their main health concerns are. Quantitative research â€Å"is a formal, objective, systematic process in which numerical data are used to obtain information about the world†(Burns & Grove, 2011). Quantitative data is any data that is in numerical form such as statistics, percentages, etc. An example of this would be determining the rate of a DVT in post-op patients. Outcomes research focuses on the outcomes of care for the patient. It requires four areas to examine including: patient responses to nursing care, improvements in physical functions, healthcare financial service outcomes, and patient’s overall satisfaction with staff, nursing care and services. This research is most appropriate when doing research on improving quality of care(Burns & Grove, 2011). An example would be doing research on what ice pack is most effective, easy for the patient to use and still cost effective. Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2011). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Zero Tolerance Policy

The zero tolerance policy strives to reduce violence in schools and make schools a safer place for students. Anne Atkinson, a member of the Virginia Board of Education defines zero tolerance as a â€Å"policy that mandates predetermined consequences or punishments for specified offenses. † The policy first became effective in 1989, but grew most rapidly in 1994 when the Gun- Free Schools Act was passed (1). There are many controversies about the zero tolerance policy including whether or not the policy is effective in reducing violence in schools, whether or not schools are trying to handle disciplinary actions in a fair manner, and whether or not all students are treated equally when punishments are determined. While many supporters, such as school administration, believe that the zero tolerance policy is necessary in schools, those who oppose the policy, such as parents, believe that the policy is unfair and ineffective in schools. Those who support the zero tolerance policy believe that the policy is effective in reducing violence in school. Atkinson argues that â€Å"strict policies are needed to send a clear message and are designed to protect students† (2). Agreeing with Atkinson, Richard Curwin and Allen Mendler, scholars on the zero tolerance policy, believe that by using the zero tolerance policies, it is evident to students that aggressive behavior is unacceptable. By allowing the students to realize that misbehavior will not be tolerated, students become more likely to obey the rules and cooperate with schools (1). According to the National Center for Children Exposed to Violence (NCCEV), 17. 1% of students carried weapons at school and 71% of elementary and secondary schools have experienced at least one violent crime by a student. A nationwide survey suggested that 15% of students have been involved in a physical fight on school grounds. By using the zero tolerance policy, those students who are violent in school are expelled or suspended, resulting in schools becoming a safer environment for students and teachers (3). Although defenders of the zero tolerance policy agree that they policies are effective, those who oppose the policy do not believe that the policies are effective in reducing school violence. People who are against the zero tolerance policy agree that the policy is ineffective in reducing school violence. Members of the American Psychological Association (APA), the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States, agree that schools are no safer and more effective in teaching discipline that before the zero tolerance policy in the 1980s. They also agree that school violence is not out of control, so zero tolerance policies are not necessary (1). Russell Skiba, chairman of the Indiana Education Policy Center and Reece Peterson, a scholar on the zero tolerance policy, conducted statistics that show â€Å"violent crimes occurred at an annual rate of fifty-three per one hundred thousand students. Because evidence shows that violence rates are not out of control, critics argue that there are many other alternatives that can be used to promote a safer environment for students and teachers (2). According to the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), some alternatives that reduce violence in schools include a prevention curriculum, help from school workers, counselors, and psychologists, and parental/family involvement (3). Whether the policy is effective or ineffective is only one aspect of the controversy; there are many other controversies that occur within the policy. Whether schools are handling disciplinary action in a fair manner is a main controversy when discussing the zero tolerance policy. Russell Skiba believes that the way in which schools punish students is fair. He thinks that rash punishments improve overall student behavior and discipline. Skiba acknowledges the fact that harsh disciplinary actions are determined by the degree of the student’s violent actions (29). While some people agree that schools are just when using the zero tolerance policy, others disagree and believe that schools are extremely unfair. Those who oppose the zero tolerance policy believe that the way in which schools use the zero tolerance policy to punish students is very rash and unfair. Those against the zero tolerance policy, such as Skiba, believe that rash suspensions and expulsions, rather than improving student behavior, forces students to misbehave more frequently. He also believes that rash suspensions and expulsions lead to an increased number of school dropouts and failure to graduate on time (28). A personal example of zero tolerance proves schools to be rash and unfair when punishing students. My ten-year-old cousin went to a public school where he was a part of the minority group. He found a pocketknife at home and thought it was the coolest thing he had ever seen. Being an immature, unknowing child, my cousin brought the pocketknife to school to show his friends, not intending on using it in any dangerous way possible. As he took the knife out of his pocket to show is closest friends, a teacher spotted him and immediately jerked him away from his friends and into the principal’s office. The principal, being the one to decide punishment, automatically expelled my ten-year-old cousin for bringing a pocketknife to school, even though he did not harming anyone or anything with the knife. Because my cousin was expelled from school, he is no longer in school this year and now has to repeat the grade. This is a perfect example of how the zero tolerance policy leads to school dropout and failure to graduate on time. Not only is the process of punishment a controversy, but whether or not racism is used to punish is also an issue concerning the zero tolerance policy. An important controversy when debating on the zero tolerance policy is whether or not racism is involved when schools are punishing students. Russell Skiba and Allen Mendler argue that schools are completely just and equal when determining punishments for violence in schools. They agree that no matter race, ethnicity, language, or abilities, if you portray a violent action, rash punishments will result (1). Although supporters agree that the policy treats all people equal, those who oppose the policy agree that racism occurs when punishing students using the zero tolerance policy. According to those that oppose the policy, zero tolerance is an unjust policy that does not treat all students equally. The American Psychological Association (APA) agrees that the disproportionate discipline of students of color is and continues to be a concern when discussing the zero tolerance policy. They believe that most expulsions and suspensions are punishments that result from African Americans or Latinos that are violent in schools. Another target group of schools that use the zero tolerance policy are those people with disabilities, especially with emotional and behavioral disorders (2). There are many important controversies dealing with the zero tolerance policy, and many people either support the controversy or are opposed to the controversy. Zero tolerance attempts to prevent violence in schools and create a safer environment for the school community. It is viewed as a policy that that tries to teach students wrong from right, and gives students a sense of discipline. Although some believe that the policy has good intentions, there are many controversies that aroused, causing many debates that challenge the effectiveness of the policy. While many people who believe that the policy creates a safer environment for students and teachers support the zero tolerance policy, there are many who oppose the zero tolerance policy, arguing that it is unfair and ineffective in reducing violence in schools.

Awakening of Shareholder Activism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2385 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? Awakening of Shareholder Activism: Reflection on Indian Framework Introduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Shareholder activism is not a privilege- it is a right and a responsibility. When we invest in a company, we own part of that company and we are partly responsible. If there is something wrong, we must become active and vocal.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Mark Mobius Recognizing the significance and need for bringing about a transformation towards protection of minority shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interest, Indian legislature introduced the concept of Class Action Suit (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“CASà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), or what is popularly known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"representative suità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, within range of safeguards provided statutorily. This radical development has evidently found a strong foothold within the growing arena of corporate governance in India.[1] A civil law remedy in United States[2] and a crucial weapon for safeguarding investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ interest within a company, class action recognizes shareholder activism as just another compon ent that is devised procedurally to entitle investors the right to take collective action against the prejudicial actions done by or on behalf of the company.[3] The new Companies Act, which was long-anticipated and welcomed in India recently, lays down a strict regime for those accepting deposits from the public and also gives protection for whistle blowers.[4] Class Action Suits: Concept and Scheme in other Jurisdictions In common parlance, the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"class actionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ suggests a legal recourse collectively initiated by a group of investors, having common interest and cause of action, on behalf of the company to seek remedy on behalf of all the other aggrieved investors. In other words, it gives right to one member on behalf of a group to initiate an action against the defending company on the premise that they have the same locus standi.ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹[5] Governed by Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, 1938[6] and State laws within the framework of United States, class action has, over time, culminated into a broad spectrum of jurisprudence and procedural underpinnings. CAS was gradually broadened to cover monetary remedy.[7] On the other hand, European Union has restricted the scope of this remedy only to aggrieved consumers.[8] Another jurisdiction where the concept finds emphasis is Australia wherein this crucial component of discipline for shareholder activism has been generally discerned in light of principles of common law.[9] Significance and Lessons from Satyam Class action will afford protection to small and dissenting investors and make directors and promoters more accountable. Even though CAS has been well-established within Indian frame, the concept was not accorded much importance until it was statutorily recognized through introduction of its scheme within Companies Act of 2013 (the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“2013 Actà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ). In the advent episodes of corporate farces like Enron in Un ited States and Satyam in India, shareholder protection has evolved as a novel discourse that reinforces responsibility of insiders to bolster their role as patrons for legal compliance of internal affairs. In addition to providing effective and economically viable recourse against the company than on an individual basis, representative suits aim to promote efficient settlement of claims while also minimizing resources. It is aimed at deterring company officials from giving effect to scrupulous maneuvers against the interests of a class of investors and averting legal compliance. The well-known Satyam debacle highlighted the need for regulation towards investor protection when small Indian shareholders were left with no effective remedy while investors who were based in United States were assured range of possible remedies.[10] This enormous set back culminated into efforts directed at protecting interests of persons like these investors who are devoid of any bargaining power. In Satyam fiasco, fraudulent schemes were floated while inflated balance sheets. Deceiving the shareholders regarding its profits, the company officials had flouted almost all the fiduciary duties. A New Beginning: Statutory Framework in India à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Representative suitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [11] and Public Interest Litigation (PIL)[12] were the only recourses available to the shareholders to enforce their rights against the company prior to the enactment of 2013 Act. Section 245[13] as enshrined under Chapter XVI (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Prevention of Oppression and Mismanagementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) of 2013 Act introduces the concept of CAS. Accordingly, it can be initiated under two situations, as namely: If the management of the company is being conducted in a manner prejudicial to the interest of the company, as provided under Section 245(1) or; in case of misleading statements in the prospectus, as stipulated under Section 34 to 36 of 2013 Act. These provisions deal with mis-st atement in prospectus and the criminal as well as civil liability associated with it. Section 245(1) enumerates the grounds for initiating CAS. These include restraining company from going beyond Memorandum, Articles or provisions of law, passing and acting on a resolution on the basis of suppression of material facts. The scheme of CAS, being a representative suit, stipulates a threshold required to be met for filing an application under Section 245(3) of 2013 Act. An application can be filed by hundred or more members of a company having share capital or a percentage of shares cumulatively held by aggrieved members as may be prescribed, whichever is less.[14] Any shareholder holding shares above this prescribed limit can file an application, provided these shares are fully paid up.[15] In cases involving a company having no share capital, an application is required to be filed by one-fifth of its total members.[16] An application can further be filed by hundred or more deposito rs of a company or group of depositors constituting the prescribed percentage, whichever is less. Furthermore, depositor(s) who has invested certain percentage of the total deposit as prescribed is eligible to file an application.[17] The procedure after admitting the application is provided under Section 245(5). It is initiated by service of a public notice to all the members or depositors of the company. Subsequently, all admitted applications are combined into a single application and all members or depositors are conferred freedom to collectively decide the lead applicant. If the members or depositors of the class are unable to come to a consensus, the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is empowered to appoint an applicant who shall be in-charge of the proceedings on behalf of applicants.[18] No parallel application for the same cause of action is allowed under Section 245(5) (c). Moreover, the cost of proceedings is required to be compensated by company, and in case of suc cessful claim, by the fraudulent person. Company and all persons associated with it are bound by the order passed by NCLT.[19] In the event of failure to comply with the order, the company shall be punished with fine which shall not be less than rupees five lakh but may extend to rupees twenty-five lakh.[20] In respect of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"every officer of the company who is in defaultà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[21], the punishment covers imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine which shall not be less than rupees twenty-five thousand and more than rupees one lakh.[22] Additionally, the concept of CAS does not apply to Banking Company.[23] The provisions of Sections 337 to 341 of 2013 Act, which deal with liability of certain company officials for committing fraud during winding up mechanism, are to apply mutatis mutandis[24] in relation to an application made to NCLT. The legal expenses incurred while pursuing class action by members under Sections 37 and 245 can be reimbursed from Investor Education and Protection Fund, provided it is authorized by NCLT.[25] As per SEBI (Investor Protection and Education Fund) Guidelines of 2009, Investor Protection and Education Funds are required to be maintained by Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) for aiding legal proceedings taken by the investor associations that are registration. Clause 5(2)(d) of the Guidelines provides for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"aidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ to investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ associations, that are recognized by SEBI. Accordingly, investors are provided financial assistance to undertake legal proceedings for safeguarding their interest in securities that are listed or proposed to be listed on any of the recognized Stock Exchanges.[26] Notably, the ambit of the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"aidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is broad enough and hence can be interpreted to cover litigation cost under CAS. Due to similar wordings of the provisions under Sections 245 and 241, class action is misread with provisions governing oppression and mis-management. An application under Section 241against oppression and mis-management can only be filed by members of the company whereas, under Section 245, both members and depositors can file applications.[27] Even though both provisions provide certain thresholds, it is worthy to note that the NCLT has discretion to waive threshold in cases dealing with oppression and mis-management.[28] While applications under Section 241 can be filed against the company and its statutory appointees, Section 245 applications can be filed against the company, any of its directors, auditor, including audit firm, expert or advisor or consultant or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"any other personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[29] Application under Section 241 is restricted to past, present or recurring activity. However, the scope of remedy for CAS is wide enough to cover future actions of the company. Essentially, the rationale for having distinct provisions for class acti on and recourse against oppression and mis-management was that, although majority of cases for oppression and management were entertained by Company Law Board (CLB), the scope of these cases failed to cover all forms of fraudulent conduct by defaulter or any person who may be associated with the company. Offshoot of Corporate Governance: Revolutionary or Hollow? Clearly, the new provision under Section 245 lacks clarity which, in turn, erodes its effectiveness. The scope of the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"depositorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has been restricted to circumstances that involve acceptance of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"deposità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[30]. The rationale for explicitly excluding the depositors who are in consultation with Reserve Bank of India cannot be logically comprehended as there may only be negligible considerations distressing the component of deposit. Moreover, the provisions for CAS clearly allow piercing the corporate veil by allowing members to take action against auditors, expert or any other person who have a contract with company. This breaches the privity of contracts executed by the company and such persons. Section 245 fails to provide opt-out mechanism for the investor who may choose to move NCLT individually. In United States, if an investor is not satisfied with settlement made on his behalf, he/she is conferred the option to opt-out of the proceedings.[31] Further, contingency fee is allowed for in United States. This incentivizes investors to combine their claim and initiate collective proceeding.[32] On the contrary, as per Bar Council of India Rules and Advocates Act of 1961, contingency fee not permitted in India. Furthermore, Courts have been following the practice of awarding cost in favor of winning party. Consequently, the losing party is required to incur all costs which is undoubtedly an additional burden sanctioned by Court. Therefore, if plaintiff-investors lose CAS, they are required to sustain huge losses comprising of the l itigation fees, investment in the company and defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s litigation cost. Section 245 fails to provide limitation period. Moreover, the compensation awarded as a group may be argued to be less as compared to the individual case. VI. Conclusion CAS will strengthen investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ protection and will retain investor confidence. The power given to the members will deter auditors, experts, directors and advisors from being flouting the accuracy of financial data and promote quality of its reporting. The major advantage of CAS is out-of-court proceedings before a specialized forum like NCLT. The adjudication of disputes before NCLT promises efficiency and less consumption of time. This consideration, however, will be diminished by the lack of certainty within relevant CAS provisions. Consequently, the numerous discrepancies will make recurrent Court proceedings a commonplace. While considering the cost of coordinating and filing suit, the scheme of CAS is necessary to be inculcated within the practice of investor associations. However, there are very few investors association that are registered with SEBI.[33] It is, undoubtedly, important that investors are made aware of the newly incorporated provisions in order to be able to fully address their concerns against those of companies. 1 | Page Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Awakening of Shareholder Activism" essay for you Create order [1] Khushboo Narayan, Model India Files Class Action Suit in NSEL case, LiveMint, January 15, 2014. Available at: lt;https://www.livemint.com/Companies/dBYpED1LWXWA9Vp4F1qX9O/Modern-India-files-class-action-suit-in-NSEL-case.htmlgt;. [2] Fed. R. Civ. P. 23. [3] PR. Raamaanathan, Class Action Law Suits vis-ÃÆ'  -vis Companies Act, 2013, 42 Taxman 513 (2014). [4] Public Trust of India, Now, Whistleblowing Mechanism for Public Deposit Taking Companies, The Financial Express, October 02, 2013. Available at: lt;https://www.financialexpress.com/news/now-whistle-blowing-mechanism-for-public-deposit-taking-companies/1177349gt;. [5] Alipak Banerjee, M.S. Ananth and Vyapak Desai, U.S. Court Dismisses Class Action Suit Against Mahindra and Mahindra, Dispute Resolution Hotline, (Mar 26, 2014). Available at: lt;https://www.nishithdesai.com/information/research-and-articles/nda-hotline/nda-hotline-single-view/newsid/2316/html/1.html?no_cache=1gt;; J.J. Iraniet. al.,Report of The Expert Committee on Company Law. Available at:lt;https://www.mca.gov.in/MinistryV2/chapter7.htmlgt;. [6] Fed. R. Civ. P. 23. [7] Barabin v. Aramark Corp., No. 02-8057, 2003 WL 355417, at *1 (3d Cir. Jan. 24, 2003)(citing James v. City of Dallas, 254 F.3d 551, 571 (5th Cir. 2001)); Jefferson v. Ingersoll Intà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢l, Inc.,195 F.3d 894, 898 (7th Cir. 1999); Murray v. Auslander, 244F.3d 807, 812 (11th Cir. 2001). [8] John Davies and Andrew Austin, Consumer Class Actions in the EU, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, (April, 2009). Available at: lt;https://www.freshfields.com/uploadedFiles/SiteWide/Knowledge/Consumer class actions in the EU.pdfgt;. [9] Federal Court of Australia Amendment Act (Cth), Part IV A (1991); See. Stuart Clark and Colin Loveday, Class Actions in Australia: An Overview, Clayton Utz, (2004). Available at: lt;https://www.claytonutz.com/docs/Class Actions_Aug04.pdfgt;. [10] John Samuel Raja, Corporate Governance: How New Rules Will Change Indian Companies, The Economic Times, Jan. 8, 20 13.Available at: https://articles.economictimes.indiatim es.com/2013-01 08/news/362166631 corporate-governance-companies-bjp-president-nitin-gadkari/2gt;; Also See. Ruchir Sinha and Nishchal Jodhpuria, The Great Deception, Asia Law, February 2009. Available at:lt;https://www.nishithdesai.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pdfs/Ma Lab/AsiaLaw-Satyam.pdfgt; . [11] Civil Procedure Code, Order I, R. 8 (1908). [12] Paul Karlsgodt (Ed.), World Class Actions: A Guide to Group and Representative Actions Around the Globe, 525 (Oxford University Press 2013); Supreme Court of India has upheld S.P Gupta v. Union of India, AIR 1982 SC 149 and Upendra Baxi v.State of U.P., (1981) 3 Scale 1136, uphold the validity of PublicInterest Litigations. [13] The Companies Act, 245 (2013). [14] Id. 245(3) (i) (a). [15] Id. 245(3) (i) (a). [16] Id. 245(3) (i) (b). [17] Id. 245(3) (ii); See. The Companies Act, 75 (2013). [18] Id. 245(5) (b). [19] Id. 245(6). [20] Id. 245(7). [21] Id. 2(60). [22] Id. 245(7). [23] Id. 245(9). [24] Cas es [25] The Companies Act, 125(3)(d) (2013). [26] SEBI (Investor Protection and Education Fund) Guidelines, R. 5(2) (d) (2009). [27] The Companies Act, 245(3) (ii) (2013). [28] Id. 244(1) Proviso. [29] Id. 245(1) (g). [30] Id. 2(31). [31] Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e)(3); See. Muhammad v. County Bank of Rehoboth Beach, Del., 189 N.J. 1, 912 A.2d 88 (2006). [32] Model Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 1.5 (c) (1983). [33] Bharati V. Pathak, Indian Financial Systems: Markets, Institutions and Services, 757, Dorling Kindersley (3rd ed., 2011).

Anorexia - Informative Speech Essay - 748 Words

Nicole Adkins Informative Speech How many of you have ever battled an eating disorder or known someone with an eating disorder? One or two of every 100 students will struggle or have struggled with an eating disorder. An anonymous quote from someone who struggled an eating disorder once said â€Å"Nothing matters when I’m thin†. Anyone of us in this room is at risk of an eating disorder. Females have to maintain that ‘normal’ look to fit in with society. More guys are seeking help for eating disorders as well. Guys with eating disorders tend to focus more on athletic appearance or success than just on looking thin. I’m going to inform you today about anorexia; what it is, signs, causes, effects, and possible treatments to help it. First,†¦show more content†¦Researchers have discovered an area on chromosome 1 that appears to be associated with an increased susceptibility to anorexia. Others can suffer from psychological reasons. People that feel low self-worth sometimes be come anorexic to make themselves feel better. Anorexia’s may have an extreme drive for perfectionism, which means they may never thing they’re thin enough. A lot of people suffer because of sociocultural reasons. The media is filled with images of thin models and actors, which associates success and worth with being thin. Peer pressure from friends, coworkers, and classmates also causes some people to feel there not fitting it. We must also consider the effects of anorexia. People with anorexia experience hair loss and fingernail breakage. Women who suffer will begin to have period loss. Those who continue to be anorexic without getting help can become anemic and even begin to develop very brittle bones. Anorexia is a serious medical illness, and with severe malnutrition anorexia can also cause death. Finally, we will look at possible treatments for anorexia. People that suffer can get better and gradually learn to eat normally again. 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It is important to work as a team with your colleagues, so that you all work to achieve the same outcomes and targets. 1.3 Explain why it is importantRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesbasic emotion of fear, is a universal human experience that plays a central role in human adaptation and survival. The basic function of fear is to signal a threat or impending danger (Barlow, 2002). The feeling of anxiousness associated with making a speech before 3 4 THE NATURE OF OCD a large audience or going for a job interview is understandable, given the potential for embarrassment or rejection. Even some of the phobias that are well known to clinicians, such as acrophobia (fear of heights)

Supporting Actor Never The Star. Napoleon Bonaparte Once

Supporting Actor Never The Star Napoleon Bonaparte once said, â€Å"Women are nothing but machines for producing children† (Goad 2013). In society, especially ancient Greek time, women are seen as the lesser counterpart to men. They are subject made only to be arm candy to men, and to keep the home tidy while caring for the family. Women are supposed to be submissive to men knowing they must obey every command, but men are allowed to roam free doing whatever they please. Times have changed since the ancient days, yet still, like the Greeks, men believe women should have no rights at all. However, some women have found their voice, no longer hiding in fear, or standing in their man’s shadows. Women are being bold, yet that is only some. The†¦show more content†¦Antigone was set on burying her brother, but for Ismene, even though Polyneices was her blood brother, she still could not step outside her womanly role proclaiming, â€Å"Since force constrains me,/ tha t I shall yield in this to the authorities./ Extravagant action is not sensible† (76-78). Her fear of men kept her from giving her own family member a burial and leaving her only living relative out to dry as she ventured to what would be the start to her own death. When trying her best to tell her sister not to go she mentions, â€Å"I will not put dishonor on them, but/ to act in defiance of the citizenry,/ my nature does not give me means for that† (90-93). Not only did she not want to make strife with men, but also go against her city. Greeks were very much loyal to their individual city states, and everyone worked together to preserve their individual rights within that city state. Ismene knew that Antigone and her were no longer the royal family, and to keep both them safe they must obey the city. Their own brother went against the city, and he, now, laid naked in the sun for the birds to pick at. Ismene, finally, comes to her senses no longer acting in silence, b ut questioning Creon, â€Å"Will you kill your son’s wife to be?† (623). This was her last attempt at saving her sister’s life, yet it was too late Creon’s mind was made up. Her fear was in the right place, but it held her back fromShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesJuanita mentions seeing a sign back in the parking lot: Warning, Giardia has been found in many streams in the area. Sorry, but we are out of sterilization tablets. Giardia is a microorganism that makes you sick, she says. You and Emilio have never heard of it. Emilio says hes willing to bet that boiling the water will kill the critters. Besides, he says, our stream might not have Giardia. Ill take the first drink. Juanita winces. No, don’t do that, she says. Lets just pack up and

Domestic Viloence Essay Research Paper Love Dosen free essay sample

Domestic Viloence Essay, Research Paper Love Dosen t Have to Ache # 183 ; In 1985, 1,350 adult females were killed by their partners or ex partners. ( 256 ) # 183 ; 85 % of spousal slaying instances has had prior contact with the constabulary, 50 % have been called at least 5 times. ( 256 ) # 183 ; 85-95 % of assault victims and 2/3 of domestic slaying victims are adult females. ( 256 ) All of these statistics taken from Battered Justice by Joan Meir in American Culture and the Media show that even if and when constabularies intervene in domestic force incidents the instances were non taken earnestly. Many Judgess merely believe there are more serious affairs to postulate to ( 257 ) . There are several grounds that police, prosecuting officers and Judgess don t take domestic force instances earnestly, but at the nucleus is the belief that married woman whipping is non a offense. In 1976, twelve battered married womans sued the metropolis constabulary section and household tribunals for neglecting to collar and prosecute work forces who attacked their married womans, merely because they were married. We will write a custom essay sample on Domestic Viloence Essay Research Paper Love Dosen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In some instances, the constabulary refused to collar because they had non seen the assault. Many provinces have historically prohibited apprehension on misdemeanour but non felony charges unless the officer witnessed the offense. In most instances, nevertheless, the legal alibis frequently give manner to the existent grounds for non collaring. Jean Cook stated They said they couldn Ts do anything because he was my hubby. ( 268 ) . Even if twosomes are merely considered common jurisprudence hubby and married woman, nil is done. Some constabulary Stationss, approximately 70 % , have implemented household crisis intercession preparation plans for the officers. Many believe given their occupational prejudice toward penalizing wrongdoers, that they are thirstily encompassing this soft attack toward domestic force. This continues to decline the original jobs. In the rare instances that prosecuting officers imperativeness charges the offense is normally considered a misdemeanour, instead than a felony regardless of the badness of the assault. When pressed for grounds for dropping charges, many argue deficient grounds and that many adult females are non willing to press charges at all. Why some victims bead charges is ill-defined ; fright and bullying is sometimes a factor. When adult females inquire for aid, they sometimes are non satisfied because the Judgess often refuse to allow orders of protection when the parties are married or have been seeing each other. The Minnesota Federal District tribunal steadfastly s tated that a adult male is non allowed to physically mistreat or jeopardize a adult females simply because he is her hubby. ( 258 ) . This dropped the rate of domestic force drastically in Minnesota over the following few months. A steadfast condemnable justness response has seemed to work, in most instances. After Minnesota instituted a compulsory apprehension plan, 70 out of 86 adult females reported at the terminal of two old ages that the combine aid of constabulary, tribunals and shelters were helpful in stoping their maltreaters force. One former maltreater said in the National Institute of Justice study: It was such an utmost experience holding really been arrested and cover with instead harshly # 8230 ; that I sought aid. ( 258 ) . A survey done by the constabulary foundation concluded that when the officer advised the suspect and did non lock him up, force reoccurred within six months in 35 % of the instances. When the suspect was arrested, even if they weren t prosecuted subsequently, force reoccurred in merely 19 % of the instances. Battered Justice has many important points, which inform the reader in a manner that is really persuasive. The statistics that support the enormous sum of beat-up adult females and the deficiency of supports from the tribunals is one of the many strong points of the essay. Anyone reading this essay would be overwhelmed with the grounds demoing how the constabulary and Judgess do non come through for most of these beat-up adult females. On the other manus, the essay does hold a nonreversible position in many facets. Joan Meier does indicate out the assorted household reding Sessionss endured by the officers. The writer goes on to demo how it is merely another cringle hole for them non to prosecute the batterer. Her sentiment is strong and apparent throughout, entangled by flooring statistics and dramatic linguistic communication. Before reading this essay, I was non cognizant of the unfairness being done by our functionaries in domestic force instances. I believe adult females merit protection, even if they are dating or married to the batterer. Just because non all adult females follow through with prosecutions it does non take away the right for constabulary protection, or for the Judgess to allow them keeping orders. I don t believe anyone could sum up the state of affairs with domestic force any better than it was said by Joan Meir ; The refusal of the constabulary and the tribunals to take a firm stand that domestic force is a offense allows people to travel on believing it s non so bad. It s clip to learn a new set of lessons. ( 259 ) Very good stated.

Problems and Purposes free essay sample

Most English as a second language teachers   find it a difficult task to implement clasroom management in a cooperative learning environment. This research will focus on identifying the classroom techniques that ESL lecturers use to effectively implement clasroom management during cooperative learning. The researcher used both the quantitative and qualitative research methods to display the managerial skills that the ESL teachers use. The repondents included   28 students and their teacher belonging to   the secondary grade five   school level program. Research shows that the student   respondent group has more English classes   than the usual ESL program. Research Information was gathered by interviewing the student respondents and observing them in their normal classroom environment. First, the researcher interviewed the teacher on her chosen classroom techniques during her cooperative learning class. She implements cooperative activities in the classroom environment.   The researcher observed the respondents in 2 separate research periods each consisting of a 75 -minute time period. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems and Purposes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page    The interview shows that the ESL teacher favored the cooperative learning activities. This study   will show in detail the right techniques   to implement   to ensure a successful cooperative learning program.   The research findings would benefit the teachers who will give cooperative learning a try. INTRODUCTION: Social and Scientific Context for the Study The social and scientific context for the study is to determine the most effective classroom management procedure that would lead to a successful cooperative learning. The context will focus on the cooperative teaching of English as a second language classroom learning environment. Also, the study will touch on the effectiveness of cooperative learning as a constructive method of teaching in a classroom environment. Problems and Purposes The problem is to determine the best classroom management method for an optimum English learning environment. The purpose of this research will be to delve into the effect of the cooperative learning method in English as a second language.   Another purpose is for this research to serve as secondary resource material for the teachers, students, school administrators, community and others to learn the best classroom management procedure. For, the users of this research will learn whether cooperative learning is the best classroom learning procedure. Study Type Defined The research will focus on the use of quantitative as well as qualitative research method. The qualitative method uses professionally refereed journals and professionally –authored books as secondary resources. Quantitative method uses interview and classroom observation to complement the qualitative approach. The researcher also uses the primary source method by interviewing the students and teachers. Also, the researcher will observe a real classroom learning activity to validate the classroom interviews and the secondary resources. Research Question The research question is Can the teachers impose discipline in cooperative working activities? Audience, Purpose, and Plan for the Paper Presented The audience of this research are the education related segments. They include the students, teachers, school administrators and community.   The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective way of classroom management. This research focuses on discipline in a cooperative classroom learning environment. The plan of the paper is to focus on the use of quantitative as well as qualitative approaches research method. The research uses the survey questions as well as observing a live classroom to determine the best classroom management method. Also, this study will focus secondary materials to complement the primary study method. Another purpose of this research is to determine the one of best ways of teaching English as a second language. There are many theories on how to teach a subject in class. One such strategy to teach the students without even caring for the student’s ability to learn the lessons. This is now a thing of the past. For, the current teachers are college graduates. They have been professionally trained to apply the best teaching strategy that will make the student love AIDA. It stands for   A) increased Attendance in class, I) Interest to learn the subject at hand, D) Desire to absorb the lessons for the day, and A) Attention to the lesson being thought. This specifically applies to students in learning English as a second language. Literature Review 2.1 Classroom   Management Classroom management refers to the means used by teachers to direct their classrooms in order to create an appropriate environment for effective teaching and learning. Classroom management models includes the most interventionist in character to those that are not interventionist in character. James Dobson authored the punishment model of class management (Corrie, 2001, p. 52).   The main idea of this theory is that students who do not follow the rules of their superior or teacher will have to punished. (Brownell Walther-Thomas, 2001, p. 31). Another classroom management strategy is to create an environment conducive to English -learning.   Currently, many schools are using the information and communicaton technologies in the classrooms. This entails the use of computers and internet in teaching the topics at hand. The computer produces an English -learning environment because the students will learn the module type lessons at their own pace. Meaning, the students will not go on to the next chapter of the classroom textbook until they have completed the study of the prior chapters of the textbook (Lim, Pek Chai, 2005). Each chapter in the computer   E –book has an exercise which the student will have to answer online. Once the student answers one chapter exercise with a passing grade (for example chapter 8) the student can now turn to answer the exercises in another chapter (for example chapter 9). This type of classroom learning is described as task –oriented and reflective (Lim, Teo, Wong, Khine, Chai Divaharan, 2003). Many companies like Pearson computer publishing offers such computer based textbooks to schools. The teacher can effectively implement non -punishment level classroom discipline. The non -punishment model includes giving rewards to students who excel in class. Excellence in class could be in the area of most number of attendance, highest grade in class, best in recitation, best in essay writing, best in math, best in each subject, etc. The rewards could be announcing the deserving students as the first honor, second honor, best in math, best in Physical Education and others in annual school recognition activities. Definitely, the teacher can effectively implement classroom discipline (Traynor, 2003). The teacher can effectively implement punishment level classroom discipline. First, the teacher could punish the English learning student by giving him or her a failing grade for cheating. Or, the teacher can suspend the student for slight misbehaviour like shouting vulgar words at his or her classmates incessantly. Also, the teacher can Expel the student for very bad classroom behaviour like slapping his or her classmate or slamming a chair on his classmate during the English learning class.